Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2024; 16(4): 1596-1612
Published online Apr 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1596
Table 3 The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment for included studies
Ref.
Type of Study
Selection
Comparability
Exposure
Total score


Adequate case definition1
Representativeness of cases1
Selection of controls1
Definition of controls1
Representative of exposed cohort2
Selection of non-exposed cohort2
Ascertainment of exposure2
Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study2
Comparability based on the design or analysis
Ascertainment of exposure1
Same method of ascertainment for participants1
Nonresponse rate1
Assessment of outcome2
Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur2
Adequacy of follow up of cohorts2

Aziz et al[27], 2019Cross-SectionalNANANANA*****NANANA**7
Cha et al[29], 2016CohortNANANANA*****NANANA***8
Khan et al[30], 2009Case-control**NANANANA****NANANA6
Kanwal et al[19], 2014CohortNANANANA*****NANANA***8
Maryam et al[32], 2018Case-control*NANANANA**NANANA3
Park et al[35], 2019CohortNANANANA*****NANANA***8
Tayyab et al[34], 2020CohortNANANANA*****NANANA***8