Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2024; 16(4): 1268-1280
Published online Apr 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1268
Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the two groups
Clinical characteristic
irAEs group (n = 63)
Non-irAEs group (n = 69)
P value
Age > 65 yr, n22370.030
Gender (male/female)43/2046/230.847
Treatment line (first line/subsequent line), n46/1740/290.071
TNM staging (III/IV)6/574/650.421
Ki-67 index, %49.4 ± 23.358.9 ± 20.80.049
Her-2 expression (positive/negative)9/5411/580.791
PD-1/PD-L1 expression (positive/negative), n22/2116/170.818
MMR (pMMR/dMMR), n28/232/40.535
Tumor marker
AFP (ng/mL)3.3 (2.1, 7.0)3.3 (2.5, 4.7)0.209
CEA (ng/mL)6.0 (2.5, 68.5)6.3 (2.3, 21.7)0.280
CA19-9 (U/mL)20.6 (8.4, 122.9)30.0 (9.9, 301.0)0.254
CA125 (U/mL)31.1 (13.3, 143.5)23.3 (10.6, 114.0)0.116
CA153 (U/mL)12.8 (9.4, 21.2)10.9 (7.4, 15.8)0.165
CA724 (U/mL)5.7 (2.1, 49.7)9.1 (4.7, 48.0)0.549
CYFRA21-1 (ng/mL)5.1 (2.6, 12.4)6.7 (3.5, 9.6)0.648
CA50 (U/mL)17.6 (5.2, 115.6)24.6 (6.4, 191.6)0.153
CA242 (U/mL)6.4 (3.0, 16.4)9.9 (4.4, 96.3)0.262
SCC (ng/mL)1.0 (0.8, 1.7)1.2 (0.8, 1.5)0.933
NSE (ng/mL)11.4 (9.4, 14.6)11.5 (9.3, 15.3)0.693
PSA (ng/mL)0.7 (0.5, 1.5)0.8 (0.5, 1.6)0.712
Endocrine indicator
Sex hormone
Neohombreol (nmol/L)7.8 (1.2, 12.0)8.5 (1.2, 13.6)0.942
Progestin (nmol/L)2.0 (0.9, 2.8)2.1 (1.4, 3.4)0.381
Estradiol (pmol/L)84.0 (55.1, 105.0)92.0 (72.3, 124.8)0.274
Prolactin (ng/mL)13.6 (9.7, 19.0)13.7 (9.2, 19.7)0.812
Folkopoietin (U/L)12.8 (7.4, 20.7)20.1 (8.1, 39.2)0.256
Luteinizing hormone (U/L)5.0 (2.8, 11.4)6.3 (4.5, 23.3)0.456
Cortisol hormone (nmol/L)369.5 (313.1, 456.5)414.5 (298.6, 465.4)0.668
Somatotropic hormone (ng/mL)1.5 (0.7, 2.0)0.8 (0.2, 2.4)0.647
ACTH (pg/mL)28.5 (23.5, 39.3)29.1 (21.3, 51.7)0.269
Amylase (U/L)83.5 (63.8, 99.3)63.5 (54.8, 75.2)0.058
ANA (positive/negative), n22/2411/170.477
Routine blood index
Leukocyte count (× 109/L)5.7 (4.4, 8.3)5.4 (4.1, 6.2)0.044
Neutrophil count (× 109/L)3.8 (2.4, 5.4)3.3 (2.3, 4.0)0.039
Monocyte count (× 109/L)0.5 (0.4, 0.6)0.5 (0.4, 0.7)0.656
Lymphocyte count (× 109/L)1.4 (1.1, 1.6)1.3 (1.0, 1.6)0.634
CRP (mg/L)2.9 (0.5, 11.5)1.6 (0.5, 10.3)0.569
Neutrophil count/lymphocyte count2.8 (2.0, 3.9)2.1 (1.6, 3.6)0.1
Neutrophil count/CRP1.7 (0.4, 4.7)2.0 (0.4, 5.0)0.712
Leukocyte count/CRP2.4 (0.5, 8.5)3.3 (0.6, 8.3)0.8
Lymphocyte subsets
CD19, %6.5 (4.4, 10.9)6.8 (3.9, 9.8)0.527
CD3, %69.9 (60.6, 76.4)67.9 (57.8, 72.8)0.175
CD4, %37.8 ± 9.136.1 ± 11.90.384
CD8, %26.1 ± 8.924.7 ± 10.00.404
CD4/CD81.4 (1.1, 2.2)1.5 (1.2, 2.4)0.37
CD56, %19.9 (12.9, 27.1)21.0 (14.1, 32.4)0.183
Cytokine level
Treg count, %8.3 ± 2.59.8 ± 3.00.016
IFN-α (pg/mL)1.8 (1.2, 2.3)1.5 (0.9, 2.4)0.783
IL-17 (pg/mL)6.0 (1.3, 9.4)3.5 (1.3, 10.0)0.666
TNF-α (pg/mL)1.8 (1.3, 2.5)1.6 (1.0, 3.0)0.806
IL-2 (pg/mL)1.2 (0.8, 1.5)1.2 (0.8, 1.8)0.24
IL-4 (pg/mL)1.8 (1.0, 3.0)1.6 (0.9, 2.5)0.349
IL-6 (pg/mL)8.1 (4.4, 16.2)6.9 (3.8, 12.2)0.083
IL-8 (pg/mL)46.6 (22.4, 67.3)40.0 (19.0, 74.2)0.829
IL-10 (pg/mL)3.4 (2.2, 4.6)2.9 (2.0, 3.9)0.299
irAEs: Immune-related adverse reactions; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; PD-1: Programmed death protein-1; PD-L1: Programmed death ligand 1; Her-2: Human epidermal growth receptor 2; pMMR: Mismatch repair proficient; dMMR: Mismatch repair deficient; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA: Carbohydrate antigen; CYFRA21-1: Cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase; PSA: Prostate-specific antigen; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone; ANA: Antinuclear antibody; CRP: C-reactive protein; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.