Pre-operative enhanced magnetic resonance imaging combined with clinical features predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection

Table 2 Magnetic resonance imaging features in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with early or non-early recurrence after resection, n (%)

Factors		Early recurrence, n = 73 (%)	Non-early recurrence n = 88 (%)	χ2/t	P value
Max-diameter		6.85 ± 3.78	5.19 ± 3.52	2.918	0.004b
Tumor SI/peritumoral SI		50.67 ± 12.20	57.63 ± 15.64	-3.097	0.002b
Tumor numbers	Single	51 (69.9)	75 (85.2)	5.536	0.019a
	Multiple	22 (30.1)	13 (14.8)
Tumor boundary	Regular	20 (27.4)	61 (69.3)	28.049	0.000b
	Irregular	53 (72.6)	27 (30.7)
Portal vein tumor thrombus	Present	13 (17.8)	2 (2.3)	Fisher	0.001b
	Absent	60 (82.2)	86 (97.7)
Large vessel invasion	Present	26 (35.6)	5 (5.7)	22.997	0.000b
	Absent	47 (64.4)	83 (94.3)
Intratumoral hemorrhage	Present	23 (31.5)	16 (18.2)	3.860	0.049a
	Absent	50 (68.5)	72 (81.8)
Intratumoral necrosis	Present	52 (71.2)	36 (40.9)	14.804	0.000b
	Absent	21 (28.8)	52 (59.1)
Tumor steatosis	Present	6 (8.2)	15 (17.0)	2.741	0.098
	Absent	67 (91.8)	73 (83.0)
Tumor capsule	Intact	20 (27.4)	55 (62.5)	20.220	0.000b
	Incomplete	42 (57.5)	24 (27.3)
	Lack	11 (15.1)	9 (10.2)
HBP peritumoral high uptake	Present	0 (0.0)	5 (5.7)	Fisher	0.064
	Absent	73 (100.0)	83 (94.3)
Nonrim arterial phase hyperenhancement	Present	73 (100.0)	86 (97.7)	Fisher	0.501
	Absent	0 (0.0)	2 (2.3)
Nonperipheral washout	Present	68 (93.2)	72 (81.8)	4.518	0.034a
	Absent	5 (6.8)	16 (18.2)
Peritumoral enhancement	Present	18 (24.7)	9 (10.2)	5.953	0.015a
	Absent	55 (75.3)	79 (89.9)
HBP peritumoral low signal	Present	26 (35.6)	7 (8.0)	18.736	0.000b
	Absent	47 (64.4)	81 (92.0)
Peritumoral delay enhancement	Present	5 (6.8)	27 (30.7)	14.231	0.000b
	Absent	68 (92.2)	61 (69.3)

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

SI: Signal intensity; HBP: Hepatobiliary phase.