Effects of Helicobacter pylori and Moluodan on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in mice with precancerous gastric cancer lesions

Table 3 Comparison of Wnt1, β-catenin, cyclinD1, epidermal growth factor, and c-Myc protein expression in each group

Norm	Control group	MNU group	H. pylori + MNU group	Moluodan group	F value	P value
Wnt1	0.05 ± 0.01	0.29 ± 0.02a	0.58 ± 0.02a,b	0.12 ± 0.02a,b,c	479.39	< 0.001
β-catenin	0.06 ± 0.04	0.26 ± 0.08a	0.43 ± 0.06a,b	0.16 ± 0.06a,b,c	18.80	< 0.001
cyclinD1	0.09 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.12a	0.60 ± 0.10a,b	0.15 ± 0.07a,b,c	11.59	0.003
EGF	0.06 ± 0.03	0.17 ± 0.02a	0.39 ± 0.08a,b	0.09 ± 0.02a,b,c	35.26	< 0.001
c-Myc	0.05 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.06a	0.54 ± 0.06a,b	0.13 ± 0.02a,b,c	64.19	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs control group.

^bP < 0.05 vs N-methyl-N-nitrosourea group.

^cP < 0.05 vs Helicobacter pylori + N-methyl-N-nitrosourea group.

EGF: Epidermal growth factor; MNU: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.