Identification of breath volatile organic compounds to distinguish pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cystic neoplasm, and patients without pancreatic lesions

Table 3 Comparison of exhaled breath volatile organic compound level between metastasis pancreatic adenocarcinoma and non-metastasis pancreatic adenocarcinoma¹

Variable	Metastasis, n = 30	Non-metastasis, n = 24	P value2
1,4-pentadiene	0.36 ± 0.24	0.31 ± 0.47	0.741
Acetone dimer	5.10 ± 0.92	5.26 ± 0.57	0.403
Acetone monomer	3.90 ± 0.82	4.08 ± 0.75	0.497
Acetonitrile	0.14 ± 0.05	0.12 ± 0.05	0.315
Benzene	0.19 ± 0.09	0.22 ± 0.20	0.932
Dimethyl sulfide	0.96 ± 0.41	0.92 ± 0.38	0.016
Ethanol	0.24 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.08	0.321
Isopropyl alcohol	0.39 ± 0.56	0.19 ± 0.18	0.308
Toluene	0.56 ± 0.45	0.57 ± 0.39	0.676

¹Volatile organic compounds levels are expressed as mean ± standard deviation in arbitrary unit;

²P value adjusted for multiple comparisons.