Chinese herbal medicine decreases incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus patients with regular insulin management

Table 3 Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma stratified by the duration of herb use compared with nonherb use

Variables	HCC			cHR	95%CI	P value	aHR1	95%CI	P value
	n	PY	IR
Herb non-users	1487	771295	1.93	1.00	(Ref.)		1.00	(Ref.)
Herb users
< 1 yr	181	89349	2.03	1.04	(0.89, 1.22)	0.610	0.88	(0.76, 1.03)	0.074
1-2.9 yr	171	81924	2.09	1.05	(0.9, 1.24)	0.514	0.92	(0.78, 1.08)	0.169
3-4.9 yr	87	39932	2.18	1.09	(0.88, 1.35)	0.450	0.94	(0.76, 1.17)	0.436
≥ 5 yr	200	97953	2.04	0.99	(0.86, 1.15)	0.943	0.82	(0.71, 0.95)a	0.003

^aP < 0.05.

¹adjusted by variables in Table 1.

AHR: Adjusted hazard ratio; cHR: Crude hazard ratio; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; IR: Incidence rate pre 1000 person-years; n: Number of events; PY: Person-years.