Clinical profile and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary Budd-Chiari syndrome

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients having Budd-Chiari syndrome with and without hepatocellular carcinoma

Characteristic	Overall population, n = 904	BCS w/o HCC, n = 869	BCS-HCC, n = 35	P value
Age in yr at first presentation	26 (21-33)	26 (20-33)	32 (25-40)	0.001
Duration of symptoms in month	12 (4-36)	12 (4-36)	3 (2-24)	< 0.001
Male sex	496 (54.87)	480 (55.24)	16 (45.71)	0.270
Site of block
Inferior vena cava	57 (6.31)	50 (5.75)	7 (20.00)	0.020
Hepatic vein	398 (44.03)	388 (44.65)	10 (28.57)
Combined inferior vena cava and hepatic vein	449 (49.67)	431 (49.60)	18 (51.43)
Type of block, BCS
Short segment	448 (49.56)	440 (50.63)	8 (22.86)	0.001
Long segment	456 (50.44)	429 (49.37)	27 (77.14)
Child class
A	420 (46.46)	399 (45.91)	21 (60.00)	0.050
B	260 (28.76)	249 (28.65)	10 (28.57)
C	71 (7.85)	68 (7.83)	4 (11.40)
Cirrhosis	751 (83.08)	716 (82.39)	35 (100.00)	0.006
Pain in abdomen	335 (37.06)	321 (36.94)	14 (40.00)	0.710
Ascites	679 (75.11)	658 (75.72)	21 (60.00)	0.035
Gastrointestinal bleeding	195 (21.57)	189 (21.75)	6 (17.14)	0.510
Jaundice	200 (22.12)	190 (21.86)	10 (28.57)	0.340
Hepatic encephalopathy at presentation	35 (3.87)	34 (3.91)	1 (2.86)	0.750
Hemoglobin in g/dL	11.7 (9.9-13.4)	11.7 (9.9-13.4)	10.7 (9.2-12.8)	0.150
Total leucocyte count as /mm3	5560 (3850-7500)	5600 (3880-7550)	3800 (4600-6900)	0.310
Platelet count as × 103/mm3	151 (110-219)	152 (110-225)	130 (75-161)	0.006
Creatinine in mg/dL	0.7 (0.6-0.9)	0.7 (0.6-0.9)	0.7 (0.6-0.9)	0.330
Total bilirubin in mg/dL	1.5 (0.9-2.4)	1.5 (0.9-2.4)	1.7 (1.0-2.3)	0.310
Aspartate transaminase in IU/L	42 (32-63)	42 (31-62)	59 (35-80)	0.008
Alanine transaminase in IU/L	31 (22-47)	31 (22-47)	46 (27-65)	0.010
Albumin in g/dL	3.9 (3.3-4.5)	3.9 (3.3-4.5)	4.2 (2.9-4.6)	0.620
Alkaline phosphatase in IU/L	250.0 (159-372)	250.5 (160.0-372.0)	239.0 (148-314)	0.820
Alpha-fetoprotein	3.3 (2.1-9.6)	2.9 (1.9-4.3)	1310.0 (237.0-14308.0)	< 0.001
BCS intervention received	654 (72.34)	628 (72.26)	26 (74.28)	0.189
Inferior vena cava	317 (35.06)	302 (34.70)	15 (42.8)
Hepatic vein	106 (11.72)	102 (11.73)	4 (11.42)
TIPSS	198 (21.90)	194 (22.32)	4 (11.42)
IVC + HV	28 (3.09)	26 (2.90)	2 (5.70)
PSRS	5 (0.50)	4 (0.46)	1 (2.80)
Stent block	159/654 (24.31)	151/637 (23.70)	8/17 (47.05)	0.063
Time to restenosis in d	496.0 (181.0-1253.0)	496.0 (18.0-1198.0)	692.5 (226.5-1540.0)	0.550
Follow-up in d	1249.5 (503.5-2573.0)	1248.0 (530.0-2513.0)	1307.0 (158.0-3811.0)	0.530

Data are n (%) or median (interquartile range) or n (%). BCS: Budd-Chiari syndrome; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HV: Hepatic vein; IVC: Inferior vena cava; PSRS: Proximal splenorenal shunt; TIPSS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.