Prognostic nutritional index in predicting survival of patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: A systematic review

Table 6 Univariate and multivariate analysis results

Ref.	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
Hashimoto et al[21]	Low PNI associated with poor OS (P = 0.049)	Low PNI was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (P = 0.044)
Hirahara et al[31]	Low PNI value was a significant risk factor for shorter OS (P < 0.001)	PNI was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for OS (P < 0.001)
Hirahara et al[22]	PNI was significantly associated with OS (HR = 3.316, 95%CI: 2.133-5.196, P < 0.001)	In patients with high PNI, only CEA was was independently associated with OS (P = 0.002)
Ishiguro et al[23]	PNI was significantly associated with OS (P < 0.001)	PNI was an independent predictor of OS (HR = 3.452, 95%CI: 2.042-5.836, P = 0.007)
Kudou et al[12]	PNI < 44.7 (vs > 44.7) was associated with worse OS (P < 0.0001)	PNI (P < 0.0001, HR = 8.946) was independently associated with OS
Lee et al[13]	Low PNI was significantly associated with worse OS (HR = 2.864, 95%CI: 2.544-3.223, P < 0.001)	Low PNI was independently associated with OS (HR = 1.383, 95%CI: 1.221-1.568, P < 0.001)
Lin et al[15]	PNI was significantly associated with OS (P < 0.001)	PNI was independently associated with OS (P = 0.004) and the 5-yr OS rate in the low PNI group was significantly lower than that in the normal PNI group (55.5% vs 75.4%, P < 0.05)
Liu et al[24]	PNI was associated with OS (HR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.274-2.078, P < 0.001)	PNI (HR = 1.356, 95%CI: 1.051-1.748, P = 0.019) was independently associated with OS. In stage stratified analysis PNI was not significantly associated with OS
Murakami et al[1]	5-yr survival rates were 100.0, 83.0, and 67.1% for groups A, B, and C, respectively	5-yr OS 100%, 92.4%, and 78.3% for groups A, B, and C, respectively, in non-elderly patients (age < 70) (P = 0.017). 5-yr OS 100%, 75.1%, and 59% for groups A, B, and C, respectively, for elderly patients (age > 70) (P = 0.0029). Group stratification mentioned in Table 4
Saito et al[25]	NS	5-yr OS PNI low group 59.5%, PNI high group 88.2% (P < 0.0001). Median age of the PNI high group (63.5 yr) was significantly younger than of the PNI low group (73.5 yr)
Shen et al[26]	PNI was an independent prognostic factor for OS. PNI (≤ 45.39 vs > 45.39) (HR = 0.439, 95%CI: 0.236-0.734, P = 0.002)	PNI was an independent prognostic factor for OS. PNI (≤ 45.39 vs > 45.39) (HR = 0.553, 95%CI: 0.306-0.993, P = 0.048)
Takechi et al[17]	Low PNI was significantly associated with worse OS (HR = 4.261, 95%CI: 1.734-10.47, P = 0.002). Stage I GC patients in the high PNI group showed significantly better OS than patients in the low PNI group (P < 0.001). No significant difference in OS between PNI groups in stage II and III GC patients	Only PNI score was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 2.889, 95%CI: 1.104-7.563, P = 0.031)
Toyokawa et al[27]	PNI was significantly associated with OS (HR = 0.381, 95%CI: 0.219-0.662, P = 0.001)	PNI was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 0.415, 95%CI: 0.234-0.736, P = 0.003)
Toyokawa et al[28]	PNI was not significantly associated with OS (P = 0.073)	PNI was not significantly associated with OS (P = 0.676)
Wu et al[29]	-	The group with high pre-chemotherapy PNI values had significantly better overall survival than the group with low pre-chemotherapy PNI values (HR = 0.485, 95%CI: 0.255-0.920; P = 0.027)
Xu et al[30]	Lower PNI was a significant predictor of shorter OS (P = 0.004)	In comparison to the high PNI group, the hazard of endpoint mortality was 2.442 times greater in the low PNI group (P = 0.003)

PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; OS: Overall survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; GC: Gastric cancer; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.