Nomogram model based on γ-glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio predicts survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with transarterial chemoembolization treatment

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses for identifying clinical characteristics influencing overall survival in the training cohort

Variables	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Gender (male/female)	1.129 (0.888-1.435)	0.321
Age (≥ 60/< 60 years)	0.895 (0.754-1.063)	0.206
HBV (positive/negative)	1.145 (0.962-1.362)	0.128
HCV (positive/negative)	0.691 (0.406-1.175)	0.172
Alcohol (yes/no)	1.017 (0.856-1.208)	0.851
Diabetes (yes/no)	0.883 (0.662-1.179)	0.399
Hypertension (yes/no)	0.856 (0.673-1.090)	0.208
GAR-high	2.058 (1.737-2.438)	< 0.001	1.516 (1.218-1.885)	< 0.001
ALT levels ≥ 40, U/L	1.278 (1.079-1.514)	0.005	0.904 (0.749-1.090)	0.291
ALP levels ≥ 125, U/L	1.756 (1.475-2.091)	< 0.001	1.106 (0.882-1.388)	0.382
Serum AFP ≥ 500, ng/mL	1.252 (1.057-1.484)	0.009	0.904 (0.752-1.086)	0.281
Child-Pugh A vs B/C	1.858 (1.544-2.234)	< 0.001	1.389 (1.133-1.703)	0.002
Lymph node metastasis	1.354 (1.143-1.603)	< 0.001	0.951 (0.756-1.197)	0.669
Extrahepatic metastasis	1.608 (1.311-1.973)	< 0.001	1.263 (1.013-1.575)	0.038
PVTT	2.009 (1.696-2.380)	< 0.001	1.510 (1.214-1.879)	< 0.001
BCLC stage A vs B vs C vs D
A	1	< 0.001	1	0.146
B	1.363 (0.957-1.942)	0.086	0.865 (0.571-1.311)	0.494
C	2.183 (1.639-2.907)	< 0.001	0.999 (0.667-1.498)	0.998
D	4.106 (1.949-8.648)	< 0.001	2.174 (0.989-4.775)	0.053
Number of tumors ≥ 2	1.511 (1.241-1.838)	< 0.001	1.335 (1.057-1.685)	0.015
Tumor diameter, cm
< 3	1	< 0.001	1	0.002
≥ 3, < 5	1.755 (1.226-2.513)	0.002	1.752 (1.211-2.534)	0.003
≥ 5, < 10	2.312 (1.691-3.162)	< 0.001	1.912 (1.372-2.665)	< 0.001
≥ 10	2.924 (2.117-4.039)	< 0.001	1.793 (1.256-2.559)	0.001

GAR-high: γ-glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio ≥ 4.75; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombus; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.