Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2024; 16(11): 4383-4391
Published online Nov 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4383
Table 2 Surgical procedures in different periods, n (%)

CS group
GS group
2008-2010 (the early period)
Laparoscopic54 (7.3)166 (12.5)
Robotic5 (0.7)0
Open676 (92.0)1160 (87.5)
Total7351326
2011-2013 (the late period)
Laparoscopic159 (15.7)572 (27.7)
Robotic168 (16.6)0
Open686 (67.7)1495 (72.3)
Total10132067