Jianpi-Huatan-Huoxue-Anshen formula ameliorates gastrointestinal inflammation and microecological imbalance in chemotherapy-treated mice transplanted with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 10  Histograms illustrating the flora structure of the top eight taxonomic dominant species and the top 30 genus dominant species in ileal contents. Species with a relative abundance < 1% are categorized as "others," and different microbial species are represented by distinct colors. The histograms highlight the significantly different microbiota in ileal contents between groups after treatment. Additionally, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses of microflora in both feces and ileal contents are presented. Each point in these analyses represents a sample, with different colors indicating different experimental groups. A-D: Flora in ileal contents at the phylum level before treatment (A), genus level before treatment (B), phylum level after treatment (C), and genus level after treatment (D); E-J: Relative abundance of Lactobacillus (E), Mucispirillum (F), Prevotella (G), Bacteroides (H), Ruminococcus (I), and S24-7 (J) in different groups after treatment; K and L: Scatter plots of PCoA analysis results of fecal flora in the mid-treatment stage (K) and after treatment (L). M: Scatter plot of PCoA analysis results of ileal contents after treatment; N and O: Scatter plots of NMDS analysis results of fecal flora in the mid-treatment stage (N) and after treatment (O); P: Scatter plot of NMDS analysis results of ileal contents after treatment. Data with error bars are represented as the mean ± SD (n = 7 or 8). ^aP< 0.05 vs NS-Contr; ^bP < 0.01 vs NS-Contr; ^cP < 0.05 vs 5-fluorouracil (FU)-Contr; ^dP < 0.01 vs 5-FU-Contr, one-way ANOVA. 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; YZXJ: Yangzhengxiaoji capsules; TCCL-H: High-dose Tzu-Chi cancer-antagonizing & life-protecting II decoction; TCCL-M: Medium-dose Tzu-Chi cancer-antagonizing & life-protecting II decoction; TCCL-L: Low-dose Tzu-Chi cancer-antagonizing & life-protecting II decoction; PCoA: Principal coordinates analysis; NMDS: Nonmetric multidimensional scaling.