Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4064

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Oct 15, 2024 (publication date) through Oct 19, 2024

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Oct 15, 2024; 16(10): 4064-4079
Published online Oct 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4064

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Figure 5 Mechanisms of immune evasion in colorectal cancer by cancer stem cells. CSC: Cancer stem cell; TME: Tumor microenvironment; TCR: T cell receptor; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell; PD-L1: Programmed cell death ligand 1; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; STAT 3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; AP-1: Activating protein-1; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; IFNAR1: Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1; Treg: Regulatory T cell; IL: Interleukin; TGF: Transforming growth factor.

Citation: Fan Q, Fu ZW, Xu M, Lv F, Shi JS, Zeng QQ, Xiong DH. Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(10): 4064-4079
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i10/4064.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4064