Computed tomography-based radiomic model for the prediction of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy response in patients with advanced gastric cancer

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of enrolled advanced gastric cancer patients in the training cohort and test cohorts, n (%)

Characteristics	Total (n = 60)	Training (n = 42)	Test (n = 18)	P value
Age (years), average (mean ± SD)	58.37 (11.846)	58.26 (11.847)	58.6 (12.186)	0.918
Sex				0.945
Male	47 (78.3)	33 (78.6)	14 (77.8)
Female	13 (21.7)	9 (21.4)	4 (22.2)
Treatment cycles				0.201
2	10 (16.7)	5 (11.9)	5 (27.8)
3	29 (48.3)	23 (54.8)	6 (33.3)
4 +	21 (35)	14 (33.3)	7 (38.9)
Differentiation				0.642
High	2 (3.3)	2 (4.8)	0 (0.0)
Moderate	16 (26.7)	11 (26.2)	5 (27.8)
Poor	42 (70)	29 (69.0)	13 (72.2)
Primary tumor location				0.467
Cardia	11 (18.3)	9 (21.4)	2 (11.1)
Body	22 (36.7)	13 (31.0)	9 (50.0)
Antrum	18 (30.0)	14 (33.3)	4 (22.2)
Horn	9 (15.0)	6 (14.3)	3 (16.7)
PD-L1(22C3) CPS				0.767
≥ 5	36 (60.0)	24 (57.1)	12 (66.7)
< 5	24 (40.0)	18 (42.9)	6 (33.3)
CEA, median (IQR)	3.54 (1.41-11.09)	3.51 (1.49-11.74)	4.75 (2.10-7.89)	0.959
CA199, median (IQR)	14.63 (7.36-33.39)	16.37 (7.59-36.25)	11.13 (4.92-26.16)	0.948
T stage				0.456
1	4 (6.7)	4 (9.5)	0 (0)
2	5 (8.3)	4 (9.5)	1 (5.6)
3	21 (35.0)	13 (30.9)	8 (44.4)
4	30 (50.0)	21 (50.0)	9 (50.0)
N stage				0.344
0	1 (1.7)	0 (0)	1 (5.6)
1	29 (48.3)	22 (52.4)	7 (38.9)
2	22 (36.7)	14 (33.3)	8 (44.4)
3	8 (13.3)	6 (14.3)	2 (11.1)

The P value indicates a statistically significant difference between the responder and non-responder groups (P < 0.05). Responders: Patients with tumor regression grade 0-1 grade; Non-responders: Patients with tumor regression grade 2-3 grade; IQR: Interquartile range; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; CPS: Combined positive score.