Antitumor activity of miR-188-3p in gastric cancer is achieved by targeting CBL expression and inactivating the AKT/mTOR signaling

Figure 1 Expression of miR-188-3p in patients’ plasma and cell lines, and tissues of gastric cancer. A: Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The plasma from gastric cancer patients was processed for qRT-PCR analysis of the miR-188-3p level. The level of miR-188-3p was significantly lower in the plasma from gastric cancer patients than in that of the healthy people (^bP < 0.01); B: qRT-PCR. The GES-1, AGS, HGC-27, MKN-28, MKN-45, SGC-7901, MGC-803, BGC-823 cell lines were subjected to qRT-PCR analysis. The expression of miR-188-3p was highly expressed in all seven cell lines compared with that in GES-1 cells; C: qRT-PCR. Tissue samples from 50 paired gastric cancer and normal mucosa were processed for qRT-PCR analysis of miR-188-3p expression; D and E: Gene transfection and qRT-PCR assays. AGS and BGC-823 cells were subjected to transfection with miR-188-3p mimics, inhibitor, or their NC. RNA isolation and qRT-PCR analysis of miR-188-3p expression was then performed (^bP < 0.01); F: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We searched the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database data (http://kmplot.com/analysis) and performed a Kaplan-Meier analysis of the overall survival of patients stratified by miR-188-3p expression. We found that expression of miR-188-3p indicates better prognosis of gastric cancer patients. GC: Gastric cancer.