Development of a model based on the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index to predict survival for resected perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

Table 3 Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of overall survival in the training cohort

Variable	R comparison	Univariable Cox regression		Multivariable Cox regression
		HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value1
Age	> 70 vs ≤ 70 yr	1.793 (1.314-2.447)	< 0.001
Sex	Male vs Female	1.141 (0.838-1.555)	0.402
Diabetes	Yes vs No	1.203 (0.718-2.017)	0.482
Cirrhosis	Yes vs No	1.220 (0.738-2.016)	0.438
PLT	> 100 vs ≤ 100 × 109/L	1.538 (0.719-3.290)	0.267
Albumin	< 35 vs ≥ 35	1.131 (0.823-1.555)	0.447
ALT	> 40 vs ≤ 40 U/L	1.202 (0.848-1.704)	0.302
AST	> 40 vs ≤ 40 U/L	1.155 (0.815-1.638)	0.418
TB	> 1 vs ≤ 1 mg/dL	1.204 (0.813-1.785)	0.354
INR	> 1.25 vs ≤ 1.25	1.217 (0.795-1.863)	0.365
CA19-9	> 150 vs ≤ 150 U/L	1.768 (1.289-2.426)	< 0.001	1.471 (1.059-2.043)	0.021
Preoperative PTCD	Yes vs No	1.172 (0.848-1.620)	0.336
Maximum tumor size	3-5 vs < 3 cm	1.777 (1.269-2.488)	0.001	1.236 (0.858-1.779)	0.255
	> 5 vs < 3 cm	2.289 (1.377-3.803)	0.001	1.990 (1.166-3.396)	0.011
Macrovascular invasion	Yes vs No	2.165 (1.539-3.045)	< 0.001	1.700 (1.198-2.412)	0.003
Microvascular invasion	Yes vs No	2.212 (1.526-3.205)	< 0.001	1.752 (1.166-2.634)	0.007
Perineural infiltration	Yes vs No	1.267 (0.878-1.827)	0.205
Tumor differentiation	Poor vs Well/moderate	1.616 (1.102-2.369)	0.014	1.550 (1.042-2.305)	0.030
Extent of resection	Major vs Minor	1.348 (0.941-1.931)	0.104
Intraoperative blood loss	> 500 vs ≤ 500 mL	1.128 (0.821-1.550)	0.457
Perioperative blood transfusion	Yes vs No	1.069 (0.773-1.477)	0.688
Lymphoid metastasis	No (ELN ≤ 4) vs No (ELN > 4)	1.673 (1.146-2.441)	0.008	1.454 (0.987-2.141)	0.058
	Yes vs No (ELN > 4)	2.403 (1.618-3.567)	< 0.001	2.549 (1.684-3.859)	< 0.001
CCI	High vs Low	1.239 (0.901-1.703)	0.187
ACCI	Moderate vs Low	1.818 (1.292-2.558)	0.001	1.605 (1.133-2.273)	0.008
	High vs Low	2.791 (1.818-4.287)	< 0.001	2.498 (1.614-3.866)	< 0.001

¹Variables found significant at P < 0.10 in univariable analysis.

ACCI: Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; AST: Aspartate transaminase; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio; INR: International normalized ratio; PLT: Platelet count; PTCD: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage; ALB: Albumin; TB: Total bilirubin.