Clinical implications and perspectives of portal venous circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Comparison of the circulating tumor cell detection rate and number between peripheral and portal venous blood in patients with pancreatic cancer

Ref.	Patients, N	Cancer stage	Blood source	PoV sample	CTC isolation method	Detection rate, % (n/N)	Number of CTCs (mean ± SD)	Main findings
Catenacci et al[22], 2015	18	All	PoV, PV	EUS-guided	CellSearch	PoV: 100 (18/18), PV: 22.2 (4/18)	PoV: 118.4 ± 36.8/7.5 mL, PV: 0.8 ± 0.4/7.5 mL	Both the detection rate and number of CTCs were higher in the PoV than in the PV
Tien et al[29], 2016	41	Resectable	PoV, PV	Intraoperative	CMx platform	PoV: 58.5 (24/41), PV: 39.0 (16/41)	PoV: 313.4/3 mL, PV: 92.9/3 mL	Both the detection rate and number of CTCs were higher in the PoV than in the PV
Liu et al[23], 2018	29	Locally advanced, metastatic	PoV, PV	Transabdominal US-guided	ClearCell FX system	PoV: 100 (29/29), PV: 54 (8/14)	PoV: 282.0/7.5 mL, PV: 21.0/7.5 mL	Both the detection rate and number of CTCs were higher in the PoV than in the PV
Chapman et al[30], 2020	171	All	PoV, PV	EUS-guided	CellSearch	PoV: 100 (17/17), PV: 23.5 (4/17)	PoV: 118.4 (1-516)/7.5 mL2, PV: 0.67 (0-7)/7.5 mL2	Both the detection rate and number of CTCs were higher in the PoV than in the PV
Song et al[37], 2020	32	Resectable	PoV, PV	Intraoperative	Microfabricated Filter	PoV: 62.5 (20/32), PV: 68.8 (22/32)	Not shown	No differences in detection rate and number of CTCs between the PoV and PV
Padillo-Ruiz et al[38], 2021	35	Resectable	PoV, CV	Intraoperative	IsoFluxTM	PoV: 100 (35/35), CV: 100 (35/35)	PoV: 310 (132.1-446.0)/mL3, CV: 405.7 (130.7-533.8)/mL3	No differences in detection rate and number of CTCs between the PoV and CV
White et al[40], 2021	34	Resectable	PoV, PV	Intraoperative	CellSearch	PoV: 71 (22/31), PV: 50 (11/22)	Not shown	No differences in detection rate and number of CTCs between the PoV and PV
Zhang et al[31], 2021	31	All	PoV, PV	EUS-guided	Cyttel detection kit	PoV: 97 (31/30), PV: 87 (27/31)	PoV: 10/5 mL4, PV: 6/5 mL4	Number of CTCs was higher in the PoV than in the PV
Choi et al[32], 2022	33	All	PoV, PV	Intraoperative	SMART BIOPSYTM	PoV: 75.8 (25/33), PB: 92.1 (23/28)	PoV: 2.5/7.5 mL4, PV: 1/7.5 mL4	Number of CTCs was higher in the PoV than in the PV

¹Included two patients with cholangiocarcinoma and one with ampullary cancer.

²Expressed as mean (range).

³Expressed as median (range).

⁴Expressed as median.

PoV: Portal vein; PV: Peripheral vein; PB: Peripheral blood; CV: Central vein; CTCs: Circulating tumor cells; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; US: Ultrasound.