Recent advances in targeted therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Table 1 Molecular targets for pancreatic cancer treatment

Target	Frequency of mutation/expression, %
KRAS	95
VEGF	93
Sonic hedgehog	70
Notch3	69-74
TP53	70
NF-kB	70
IGF-1R	64
CDKN2A	60
EGFR	43-69
Akt/mTOR	40
SMAD	40
BRCA1/2	1-3
NRG1 fusion	0.5
NTRK fusion	0.3

Akt: Akt serine/threonine kinase; BRCA1/2: Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2; CDKN2A: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene; IGF-1R: Insulin-like growth factor receptor; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; Notch3: Notch receptor 3; NRG1: Neuregulin 1; NTRK: Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase; SMAD: Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; TP53: Tumor suppressor 53; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.