Xiaojianzhong decoction prevents gastric precancerous lesions in rats by inhibiting autophagy and glycolysis in gastric mucosal cells

Figure 3 Effects of Xiaojianzhong decoction on autophagy of gastric mucosal epithelial cells in N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric precancerous lesions rats. A: Observation of autophagy in rat gastric epithelial cells by transmission electron microscope (the red arrows in the figure are autophagosomes or autophagolysosomes); B and C: Western blot analysis was performed to detect BCL2-interacting protein 1 (Beclin-1), microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3) II protein expression (n = 3); D and E: Beclin-1, LC-3II mRNA expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (n = 3); F and G: p62 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry (n = 5); p62 positive score was determined using Image J; H-J: B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 and adenovirus E1B19000 interacting protein 3 (Bnip-3), Beclin-1 proteins expression was determined using immunofluorescence (n = 5); Bnip-3, Beclin-1 porteins positive score was determined using ImageJ. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001 vs control group; ^dP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.01, ^fP < 0.001 vs model group. XJZ-L: Low dose of Xiaojianzhong decoction; XJZ-M: Middle dose of Xiaojianzhong decoction; XJZ-H: High dose of Xiaojianzhong decoction; Beclin-1: BCL2-interacting protein 1; LC-3: Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3.