Immunotherapy for advanced or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 5 Ongoing clinical trials that combine locoregional therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Main intervention methods	Comparison arms	Trial identifier	Status	Estimated or actual enrollment	Patient group	Phase
Pembrolizumab + RAF/MWA/brachytherapy/TACE	vs Pembrolizumab + RAF/MWA/brachytherapy/TACE	NCT03753659	Active, not recruiting	30	Early-stage HCC	II
Nivolumab + TACE	No	NCT03572582	Active, not recruiting	49	Intermediate-stage HCC	II
Pembrolizumab + TACE	No	NCT03397654	Active, not recruiting	26	HCC	I/II
Durvalumab + tremelimumab + TACE/RAF/cryoablation	vs Durvalumab + tremelimumab	NCT02821754	Active, not recruiting	54	Advanced HCC	II
Durvalumab + tremelimumab + TACE	No	NCT03638141	Recruiting	30	Intermediate-stage HCC	II
Durvalumab + tremelimumab + bevacizumab + TACE	No	NCT03937830	Recruiting	22	Advanced HCC	II
Durvalumab + bevacizumab + TACE	vs Durvalumab + TACE vs TACE	NCT03778957	Active, not recruiting	724	Intermediate-stage HCC	III
Apatinib + camrelizumab + HAIC	No	NCT04191889	Recruiting	84	Advanced HCC	II
Pembrolizumab + SBRT	No	NCT03316872	Recruiting	30	Advanced HCC	II
Durvalumab + tremelimumab + SBRT	No	NCT03482102	Recruiting	70	Advanced HCC	II
Nivolumab + curative resection/RAF	vs Curative resection/RAF	NCT03383458	Active, not recruiting	545	Resected HCC	III
Durvalumab + bevacizumab + curative resection/RAF	vs Durvalumab + curative resection/RAF vs Curative resection/RAF	NCT03847428	Active, not recruiting	877	Resected HCC	III
Ipilimumab + nivolumab + TACE	vs Nivolumab + TACE + placebo vs TACE + placebo + placebo	NCT04340193	Active, not recruiting	26	Intermediate-stage HCC	III
Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab + TACE	vs Placebo + placebo + TACE	NCT04246177	Active, not recruiting	950	Incurable/non-metastatic HCC	III
Nivolumab + DEB TACE	vs DEB TACE	NCT04268888	Recruiting	522	Intermediate-stage HCC	II/III

HAIC: Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MWA: Microwave ablation; RAF: Radiofrequency ablation; SBRT: Stereotactic body radiation therapy; TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.