Application of convolutional neural network-based endoscopic imaging in esophageal cancer or high-grade dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Full detail and meta-analysis and subgroup analysis convolutional neural network model for the diagnosis of esophageal cancers or neoplasms in the video-based analysis

	Number of studies	Sensitivity (95%CI)	Specificity (95%CI)	PLR (95%CI)	NLR (95%CI)	DOR (95%CI)	AUC (95%CI)	P value
CNN		0.85 (0.77-0.91)	0.73 (0.59-0.83)	3.1 (1.9-5.0)	0.20 (0.12-0.34)	15 (6-38)	0.87 (0.84-0.90)
Continent								0.73
Asian	6	0.86 (0.76-0.93)	0.71 (0.53-0.85)	3.0 (1.6-5.5)	0.19 (0.09-0.40)	16 (5-54)	0.87 (0.84-0.90)
Europe/Ameica	2
Scale								0.55
Unicenter	4	0.87 (0.68-0.96)	0.77 (0.62-0.87)	3.8 (2.0-7.0)	0.17 (0.06-0.49)	23 (5-106)	0.87 (0.84-0.90)
Multicenter	4	0.81 (0.77-0.85)	0.65 (0.43-0.82)	2.3 (1.3-4.2)	0.29 (0.20-0.41)	8 (3-20)	0.82 (0.78-0.85)
External validation or not								0.94
External validation		0.85 (0.78-0.91)	0.73 (0.63-0.80)	3.1 (2.4-4.1)	0.20 (0.14-0.29)	16 (10-24)	0.87 (0.84-0.90)
No external validation		0.85 (0.66-0.94)	0.74 (0.45-0.90)	3.2 (1.2-8.5)	0.20 (0.07-0.60)	16 (2-106)	0.87 (0.84-0.90)
Format								0.89
Retrospective	5	0.85 (0.76-0.91)	0.73 (0.58-0.84)	3.1 (1.9-5.3)	0.21 (0.12-0.36)	15 (6-41)	0.87 (0.84-0.90)
Prospective	1
Real-time or not								0.13
Real-time	6	0.82 (0.74-0.87)	0.68 (0.52-0.80)	2.5 (1.6-3.9)	0.27 (0.19-0.39)	9 (5-18)	0.83 (0.80-0.86)
No real-time	2
Histological type								0.73
ESCN	6	0.86 (0.76-0.93)	0.71 (0.53-0.85)	3.0 (1.6-5.5)	0.19 (0.09-0.40)	16 (5-54)	0.87 (0.84-0.90)
Barrett’s neoplasia	2
Image type								0.76
WLI	4	0.83 (0.71-0.91)	0.49 (0.27-0.71)	1.6 (0.9-2.8)	0.34 (0.13-0.88)	5 (1-20)	0.80 (0.77-0.84)
Advanced imaging	5	0.83 (0.77-0.88)	0.71 (0.56-0.82)	2.9 (1.9-4.3)	0.24 (0.19-0.30)	12 (8-19)	0.86 (0.82-0.88)

CI: Confidence interval; PLR: Positive likelihood ratio; NLR: Negative likelihood ratio; DOR: Diagnostic odds ratio; AUC: Area under the curve; WLI: Wight-light imaging; ESCN: Esophageal squamous cell neoplasia; CNN: Convolutional neural network.