Application of convolutional neural network-based endoscopic imaging in esophageal cancer or high-grade dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Characteristics of the still video-based studies

Ref.	Format	Scale	Continent	Case type	Architecture of CNN	Image type	Histological type	Real-time	External validation	Quality	Endoscopist control	Patients training set	Videos training set	Patients test set	Videos test set	TP	FP	FN	TN
de Groof et al[43], 2020	Prospective	Multicenter	Europe	Video	ResNet/U-Net	WLI	Barrett’s neoplasia (HGD/EAC)	Yes	Yes	Hgh	53	NM	1544	20	20	9	3	1	7
Yang et al[47], 2021	Retrospective	Unicenter	Asia	Video	Yolo V3	WLI	ESCC	No	No	High	6	6215	32373 image/104 video	NM	68	39	2	1	26
Fukuda et al[51], 2020	Retrospective	Unicenter	Asia	Video	SSD/VGG-16	NBI/BLI	ESCC	Yes	Yes	High	13	2002	28333	NM	238	80	53	10	95
Struyvenberg et al[52], 2021	Retrospective	Multicenter	Europe	Video	ResNet/U-Net	NBI	Barrett’s neoplasia (HGD/EAC)	Yes	Yes	High	No	15700	495611	50	471	141	58	36	236
Waki et al[53], 2021	Retrospective	Multicenter	Asia	Video	ResNet/ImageNet	WLI/NBI/BLI	ESCC	Yes	No	High	21	1572	18797	113	200	103	66	23	34
Shiroma et al[54], 2021	Retrospective	Unicenter	Asia	Video	SSD	NBI	ESCC	Yes	No	High	18	nm	8428	40	80	11	4	9	16
Yuan et al[55], 2022	Retrospective	Multicenter	Asia	Video	YOLO v3	WLI	ESCC	Yes	Yes	High	11	2621 image/19 video	53933 image/142 video	NM	38	17	5	2	14
Tajiri et al[56], 2022	Retrospective	Unicenter	Asia	Video	ResNet/ImageNet	WLI/NBI/BLI	ESCC	No	No	High	19	1843	29794	130	147	71	16	12	48

WLI: White-light imaging; NBI: Narrow-band imaging; BLI: Blue-laser imaging; TP: True positive; FP: False positive; FN: False negative; TN: True negative; EAC: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; HGD: High-grade dysplasia; NM: Not mentioned; CNN: Convolutional neural network.