Traditional Chinese medicine for transformation of gastric precancerous lesions to gastric cancer: A critical review

Table 1 Clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine in treating gastric cancer and precancerous lesions

Pathological stages	Ref.	Clinical drugs	Clinical sample size	Intervention	Control	Treatment duration	Outcome measures
GPL	Deng et al[125], 2012	Weining Granules	120	Weining Granules	Weifuchun tablets	6 mo	Overall response; gastroscopically-determined response; pathologically-confirmed response; eradication of Hp; microvessel density in the gastric mucosa; VEGF; IL-2; IL-6; T lymphocyte subsets; immunoglobulins; symptom scores; QOL; adverse reactions
	Bian et al[16], 2021	Weifuchun (WFC)	120	WFC tablets	Vitacoenzyme tablets	6 mo	Histopathology of gastric tissues; intestinal microbiota; sensitivity and specifcity of diferent intestinal microbiota
	Li et al[126], 2006	Weiansan (WAS)	76	Weiansan	Weifuchun tablets	24 wk	Inflammation of gastric mucosa; degree of glandular atrophy; IM and dysplasia; Hp infection
	NCT03823248	MoLuoDan and Sanchi powder	480	Moluodan combined with Sanchi powder	Folic acid tablets	24 wk	The disappearance rate of dysplasia; Histopathological score; endoscopic findings score; main symptom score; the patient-reported outcome scale integrals
GC	Pan et al[128], 2020	Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng decoction	210	Chemotherapy combined with JPYZXZ decoction	Chemotherapy	24 wk	One-year survival rate; progression-free survival; overall survival; immune related hematology test; objective response rate; tumor makers; TCM syndrome points; fatigue scale; QOL scale
	Xu et al[129], 2013	Wei Chang’An	399	Chemotherapy combined with Wei Chang’An decoction	Continuously	3 mo or more	Survival trends; survival time
	Shu et al[130], 2019	Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction	489	Chemotherapy combined with YHJD	Chemotherapy	6 mo or more	Disease-free survival rate; 5-yr survival rate; QOL; TCM symptoms
	NCT05229809	Yiqi Wenyang Jiedu prescription	212	Yiqi Wenyang Jiedu prescription	Simulation agent of Yiqi Wenyang Jiedu prescription	24 wk	Two-year disease-free survival rate; disease-free survival; overall survival; cumulative annual recurrence and metastasis rate for 1-3 yr; cumulative annual survival rate for 1-3 yr; Indexes related to fat distribution; visceral adiposity Index; tumor marker; peripheral blood inflammatory index; prognostic nutritional index; QOL of the patient; evaluation of the patient’s symptoms; medication compliance; percentage of participants with adverse events

GPL: Gastric precancerous lesions; GC: Gastric cancer; WFC: Weifuchun; WAS: Weiansan; TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; QOL: Quality of life; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.