Risk factors, prognostic predictors, and nomograms for pancreatic cancer patients with initially diagnosed synchronous liver metastasis

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.128

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jan 15, 2023; 15(1): 128-142
Published online Jan 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.128

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses of liver metastasis in pancreatic cancer patients, n (%)

Variable	Levels	Without LM (n = 14608)	With LM (n = 7698)	Univariate analysis (OR, 95%CI)	Multivariate analysis (OR, 95%CI)
Age at diagnosis (yr)	≤ 70	8783 (60.1)	5032 (65.4)
Age at diagnosis (yr)	> 70	5825 (39.9)	2666 (34.6)	0.80 (0.75-0.85, P < 0.001)	0.72 (0.68-0.77, P < 0.001)
Sex	Female	7393 (50.6)	3485 (45.3)
Sex	Male	7215 (49.4)	4213 (54.7)	1.24 (1.17-1.31, P < 0.001)	1.16 (0.89-1.23, P = 0.056)
Race	White	11590 (79.3)	6048 (78.6)
	Black	1730 (11.8)	1047 (13.6)	1.16 (1.07-1.26, P < 0.001)	1.07 (0.97-1.17, P = 0.186)
	Other	1288 (8.8)	603 (7.8)	0.90 (0.81-0.99, P = 0.036)	0.93 (0.83-1.04, P = 0.228)
Primary site	Head	8939 (61.2)	3003 (39)
	Body/tail	3604 (24.7)	3212 (41.7)	2.65 (2.49-2.83, P < 0.001)	2.30 (2.14-2.47, P < 0.001)
	Other	2065 (14.1)	1483 (19.3)	2.14 (1.98-2.31, P < 0.001)	1.76 (1.61-1.92, P < 0.001)
Histology	Adenocarcinoma	9394 (64.3)	5867 (76.2)
	Neuroendocrine carcinoma	640 (4.4)	411 (5.3)	1.03 (0.90-1.17, P = 0.670)	1.28 (1.10-1.49, P = 0.001)
	Other	4574 (31.3)	1420 (18.4)	0.50 (0.46-0.53, P < 0.001)	0.61 (0.56-0.66, P < 0.001)
Pathological grade	Well/moderate	4727 (32.4)	799 (10.4)
	Poor/anaplastic	2476 (16.9)	919 (11.9)	2.20 (1.97-2.44, P < 0.001)	2.26 (2.01-2.53, P < 0.001)
	Unspecific	7405 (50.7)	5980 (77.7)	4.78 (4.40-5.19, P < 0.001)	4.23 (3.86-4.64, P < 0.001)
T stage	T1	1131 (7.7)	245 (3.2)
	T2	2901 (19.9)	2653 (34.5)	4.22 (3.65-4.90, P < 0.001)	1.53 (0.89-1.86, P = 0.080)
	T3	7325 (50.1)	2402 (31.2)	1.51 (1.31-1.75, P < 0.001)	0.81 (0.64-1.02, P = 0.054)
	T4	3019 (20.7)	1411 (18.3)	2.16 (1.86-2.52, P < 0.001)	0.72 (0.56-1.01, P = 0.051)
	TX	232 (1.6)	987 (12.8)	9.4 (6.4-9.7, P < 0.001)	7.18 (5.52-9.35, P < 0.001)
LN metastasis	No	8213 (56.2)	4046 (52.6)
LN metastasis	Yes	6395 (43.8)	3652 (47.4)	1.16 (1.10-1.23, P < 0.001)	1.38 (1.30-1.47, P < 0.001)
Tumor size (cm)	< 2	1966 (13.5)	460 (6)
	2-4	6800 (46.5)	2939 (38.2)	1.85 (1.66-2.06, P < 0.001)	1.29 (1.08-1.55, P = 0.006)
	> 4	5842 (40)	4299 (55.8)	3.15 (2.82-3.51, P < 0.001)	2.05 (1.71-2.46, P < 0.001)

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; LN: Lymph node; LM: Liver metastasis.

Citation: Cao BY, Tong F, Zhang LT, Kang YX, Wu CC, Wang QQ, Yang W, Wang J. Risk factors, prognostic predictors, and nomograms for pancreatic cancer patients with initially diagnosed synchronous liver metastasis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15(1): 128-142
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v15/i1/128.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.128