Increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is a favorable prognostic factor of Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancer patients

Table 1 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels between different characteristics, n = 144

Characteristics	Total, n (%)	5-hmC low, n (%)	5-hmC high, n (%)	P value
Sex
Male	45 (31.3)	17 (24.3)	28 (37.8)	0.079
Female	99 (68.7)	53 (75.7)	46 (62.2)
Age in yr
< 60	56 (38.9)	35 (50.0)	21 (28.4)	0.008
≥ 60	88 (61.1)	35 (50.0)	53 (71.6)
Histological grade
Low	106 (73.6)	47 (67.1)	59 (79.7)	0.087
High	38 (26.4)	23 (32.9)	15 (20.3)
WHO Classification
Tubular adenocarcinoma	115 (79.9)	55 (78.6)	60 (81.1)	0.707
Others	29 (20.1)	15 (21.4)	14 (18.9)
Tumor size in cm
< 5	62 (43.1)	32 (45.7)	30 (40.5)	0.531
≥ 5	82 (56.9)	38 (54.3)	44 (59.5)
Vascular invasion
Negative	39 (27.1)	23 (32.9)	16 (21.6)	0.129
Positive	105 (72.9)	47 (67.1)	58 (78.4)
Neural invasion
Negative	64 (44.4)	39 (55.7)	25 (33.8)	0.008
Positive	80 (55.6)	31 (44.3)	49 (66.2)
Depth of invasion
T1/T2	54 (37.5)	30 (42.9)	24 (32.4)	0.197
T3/T4	90 (62.5)	40 (57.1)	50 (67.6)
Lymph metastasis
N0	41 (28.5)	24 (34.3)	17 (23.0)	0.133
N1/N2/N3	103 (71.5)	46 (65.7)	57 (77.0)
TNM stage
Ⅰ + Ⅱ	73 (50.7)	43 (61.4)	30 (40.5)	0.012
Ⅲ	71 (49.3)	27 (38.6)	44 (59.5)
Chemotherapy
No	75 (52.1)	33 (47.1)	42 (56.8)	0.248
Yes	69 (47.9)	37 (52.9)	32 (43.2)
H. pylori
Negative	55 (38.2)	21 (30.0)	34 (45.9)	0.049
Positive	89 (61.8)	49 (70.0)	40 (54.1)

5-hmC: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; WHO: World Health Organization.