Glutamine deprivation impairs function of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis

Figure 10  Altered CD8⁺ T cell function by glutamine deficiency. Activated CD8⁺ T cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing no glutamine (0Gln) for 3 d. The levels of indicated molecules in CD8⁺ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. A: PD-1; B: PRF1; C: Granzyme B; D: JC-1; E: Reactive oxygen species; F: Apoptosis. The data represent the mean ± SE; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001; ^dP < 0.0001. Gln: Glutamine.