Gut and liver involvement in pediatric hematolymphoid malignancies

Table 1 Overview of gut and liver manifestations of hematolymphoid malignancies in children

	Overview of gut and liver manifestations
Infiltration	Intussusception; Adynamic ileus; Mucosal ulceration; Hemorrhage; Perforation; Protein-losing enteropathy; Jaundice (biliary wall infiltration); Hepatosplenomegaly; Acute liver failure; Vanishing bile duct syndrome; Portal hypertension; Ascites (peritoneal seeding, peritoneal lymphomatosis); Splenic infarction, rupture
Immunodeficiency	Necrotizing enterocolitis (typhlitis); Appendicitis; Wound infections; Perirectal abscess; Sepsis; Opportunistic infections; Esophageal and hepatic candidiasis; Herpes infections; Cytomegalovirus infections; Pseudomembranous colitis; Protozoal infections; Invasive fungemia; Hepatitis B and C reactivation
Drug toxicity	Mucositis; Gastritis and gastroparesis; Ileus; Pseudoobstruction; Bowel necrosis; Pancreatitis; Hepatotoxicity
Compression	Gastric outlet obstruction; Biliary obstruction; Secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome; Chylous Ascites
Miscellaneous:	Gastrointestinal haemorrhage (thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis)