Barrett’s esophagus: Review of natural history and comparative efficacy of endoscopic and surgical therapies

Table 8 Recommendations for invasive adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett’s esophagus

Invasive Barrett’s esophagus by stage	Risk of nodal metastases	Recommended management	Risks of intervention	5-yr disease free survival	5-yr overall survival
Intramucosal adenocarcinoma	2%–4%	EET	Stricture 6%; Chest pain 5%; Bleeding 1%; Perforation 1%	NA	Estimated 80%
Submucosal adenocarcinoma	14%–41%	Surgery	Mortality 3%; Adverse events up to 62%; Long-term symptoms due to altered upper gut function	Estimated 70%	Estimated 75%

EET: Endoscopic eradication therapy; NA: Not application.