Edema of limbs as the primary symptom of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review

Table 2 Gastric signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

Patients	Sex/age	Sites of skin involvement	Initial present symptoms	Stage	Follow-up	Management	Ref.
1	Male/67	Nodular lesions on his eyelid, cheeks, scalp, and back	Weight loss of 8 kg within 1 mo	Not available	DOD 3 mo after skin	XELOX chemotherapy (oxaliplatin and capecitabine)	[23]
2	Male/69	On forehead, back, neck, and arms	Dysphagia from eating and multiple cutaneous nodules	Not available	DOD 1 mo after skin	Surgery	[24]
3	Female/53	On abdomen and thighs	Livedo reticularis	Not available	DOD 7 mo after skin	Chemoradiation	[25]
4	Female/72	Skin infiltration in the lower limbs, abdomen, and root of the upper limbs	Lymphangitis	Stage IIIa	DOD 5 mo after skin	Adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine + oxaliplatin	[26]
5	Female/75	On the abdomen	Indurated scarlike lesions on the epigastric area	Stage IIIa (T4aN1M0)	DOD 3 mo after skin	Chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, infusional folinic acid, and oxaliplatin)	[27]
6	Female/57	On the abdomen	With growing lesions on skin	Stage IIIa (T3N2M0)	Not available	Adjuvant chemotherapy [infusional folinic acid + 5-fluorouracil] and radiotherapy, a second round of chemotherapy	[20]
7	Female/45	On head and the back	The cutaneous metastases disappeared		Survival	Chemotherapy with S-1 (Tegafur) plus cisplatin	[28]
8	Male/52	Armpits, axillae, groin, and neck folds	Progressive dermal, mucosal, and perianal lesions, weight loss	T3N2M1	Not available	N/A	[18]
9	Male/21	Cutaneous nodule on his chest	Cutaneous nodule	Stage IV	Survival	Chemotherapy with oxaliplatin (day 1) and S-1	[29]
10	Male/85	A lesion of the right occipital scalp	Abdominal pain, malaise	T4N1M0	DOD 5 mo after skin	Not available	[30]
11	Male/35	Cutaneous nodules on the upper chest, abdomen and left scapular region	Without any local or general clinical symptoms	Not available	Not available	Not available	[15]
12	Male/76	Skin ulcer on right hypochondrium	Hematemesis, weight loss and loss of appetite	T4N2M0	DOD 1 mo after skin	Chemotherapy with irinotecan and oxaliplatin	[16]
13	Female/50	Large erythematous plaque on the left side of the neck; and an erythematous lesion in the perineal region	Bowel habit and weight loss	Not available	DOD 0.5 mo after skin	Not available	[31]
14	Male/59	Painless nodule of the left flank	Painless nodule of the left flank	Not available	DOD 0.5 mo after skin	Metastatic infiltration of a 32-yr-old surgical scar	[32]
15	Male/50	The umbilical area	With a single asymptomatic skin lesion	Not available	Not available	Not available	[19]
16	Male/69	Asymptomatic indurated scar-like lesion	Asymptomatic indurated scar-like lesion	Stage IV	DOD 10 mo after skin	Chemotherapy with cisplatin, Taxotere, and xeloda	[33]
17	Female/71	Limited cyan erythema on the right side of the middle and lower abdomen	Abdominal skin	Not available	DOD 12 mo after skin	Chemotherapy (unknown medication)	[34]
18	Male/48	Bracelet bracelet ("tripe palm"); and hyperkeratosis of fingers	Skin edema with pigmentation	Not available	DOD 36 mo after skin	Chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and folic acid	[35]
19	Male/44	Multiple cutaneous eruptions on face and neck	Vomiting and weight loss	Not available	N/A	Not available	[17]
20	Male/51	Abdominal and back	Without any symptom	Not available	DOD 2 mo after skin	Surgery	[36]
21	Male/67	Diffuse erythematous and warm induration over his right cheek and neck	Dyspepsia	Stage IV	DOD 0.75 mo after skin	Radiotherapy	[37]
22	Male/55	Lower part of face and neck	With multiple itchy nodules	Not available	DOD 7~8 mo after skin	Not available	[21]
23	Female/58	Right inguinal erythema with itching	With chylothorax	Not available	DOD 4 mo after skin	Not available	[38]
24	Male/44	On the face, trunk, and upper extremities	Multiple cutaneous nodules	Stage IV	Survival	Chemotherapy with an oxaliplatin-based regimen and denosumab	[39]
25	Male/68	Right chin region and on the left forehead	Erythematous skin lesion, nodular skin lesion	T4N0M0	Not available	Surgical treatment	[40]

DOD: Dead of disease; N/A: Not applicable.