Biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancers

Table 3 Clinical trials on combination therapy or neoadjuvant therapy being conducted in the immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of gastrointestinal tumors

Clinical trial ID	Cancer type	Study type	Phase	Number	Strategy	Ref.
NCT02918162	GC; Adenocarcinoma of the GE junction	Interventional	2	40	Pembrolizumab combined with stand of care chemotherapy regimen	[116]
NCT04948125	GC	Interventional	2	20	Camrelizumab combined with Apatinib Mesylate	[117]
NCT04196465	GC, ESCA, HCC	Interventional	2	48	IMC-001 as neoadjuvant therapy	[118]
NCT03841110	GC, CRC	Interventional	1	76	FT500 combined with Nivolumab/Pembrolizumab/Atezulizumab	[119]
NCT02903914	GC, CRC	Interventional	1/2	260	Pembrolizumab combined with Arginase Inhibitor INCB001158	[120]
NCT03259867	HCC, GC, CRC (All have liver lesions)	Interventional	2	80	Pembrolizumab/Nivolumab combined with TATE	[121]
NCT04822103	ESCA	Observational	NA	150	ICIs combined with Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	[122]

GI: Gastrointestinal; GC: Gastric cancer; ESCA: Esophageal cancer; GE: Gastroesophageal; HCC: Hepatocellular cancer; CRC: Colorectal cancer; TATE: Transarterial Tirapazamine Embolization; NA: Not Applicable; ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor.