Development of artificial intelligence technology in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of colorectal cancer

Table 2 Artificial intelligence in treatment of colorectal cancer

Type of study	Ref.	Method	Conclusion
Retrospective study	Passi et al[109], 2015	DSS system	DSS system used follow-up data as a knowledge source to generate appropriate follow-up recommendations for patients receiving treatment
Retrospective study	Lee et al[110], 2018	Watson for Oncology	Watson for Oncology could provide evidence-based treatment advice for oncologists
Retrospective study	Siddiqi et al[111], 2008	MATCH system	MATCH system could provide hundreds of data samples to help doctors choose the most personalized treatment plan
Retrospective study	Li et al[112], 2018	Nanorobot	Nanorobots were relatively safe and immune inert. DNA nanorobots might represent a strategy for precise drug delivery in cancer treatment
Experimental study	Felfoul et al[113], 2016	Nanorobot	The robot achieved an accurate effect of attacking cancer tumors
Review	Koelzer et al[114], 2019	ML	The combination of ML and computational pathology could inform the clinical choice and prognosis stratification of CRC patients
Retrospective study	Lee et al[116], 2019	Narrow-band imaging	Narrow-band imaging helped doctors to predict the histology of colorectal polyps and estimate the depth of invasion
Meta-analysis, Case control study	Ichimasa et al[117], 2018	AI	AI could reduce unnecessary surgery after endoscopic resection of stage T1 CRC without loss of lymph node metastasis
Review	Kirchberg et al[118], 2019	Operation robot	Robotic surgery had great potential, but it still needed high-quality evidence-based medicine
Experimental study	Leonard et al[120], 2014	Smart tissue autonomous robot	Smart tissue autonomous robot was more accurate than surgeons using the most advanced robotic surgical system
Case control study	Huang et al[121], 2019	Operation robot	The operation robot had the advantages of short operation time, low estimated bleeding, and fast recovery after operation
Review	Zheng et al[122], 2020	Operation robot	There were some limitations, such as the disunity of technical standards and the excessive dependence on surgical robot equipment
Review	Mitsala et al[123], 2021	Computer-assisted drug delivery techniques	The technology could help to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of targeted drugs
Case control study	Aikemu et al[124], 2020	AI	AI provided personalized and novel evidence-based clinical treatment strategies for CRC
Review	Hamamoto et al[125], 2020	AI	AI provided a variety of new technologies for the treatment of CRC, such as surgical robots, drug localization technology, and various medical devices
Review	Pritzker[126], 2020	AI	AI could screen individual biomarkers for comprehensive and individualized treatment of colon cancer with low toxicity
Experimental study	Ding et al[127], 2020	AI	The drug dose optimization technology based on AI could achieve more accurate individualized treatment than traditional methods

AI: Artificial intelligence; CRC: Colorectal cancer; DSS: Decision support system; ML: Machine learning.