Neoantigen vaccine: An emerging immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 The human PGM5 gene, as an example. Antigen-presenting cells present neoantigens to T cells through human leukocyte antigen molecules, and the T cell receptor recognizes neoantigens. This recognition activates T cells to eliminate neoantigen-specific tumor cells. The bottom part of the figure shows mutations of the PGM5 gene that produce two neoantigens. APC: Antigen-presenting cell; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; TCR: T cell receptor.