Familial adenomatous polyposis and changes in the gut microbiota: New insights into colorectal cancer carcinogenesis

Table 1 Studies of colorectal cancer-associated bacteria in the APC^Min/+ mouse model

Ref.	Bacterial strain	Mechanism of carcinogenesis
Kostic et al[18], 2013	F. nucleatum	Infiltration of CD11+ myeloid-derived immune cells
Tomkovich et al[49], 2017	F. nucleatum and pks+ E. coli	Mediated by inflammation, with colibactin-producing E. coli but not with F. nucleatum (FadA+ or Fap2+)
Yang et al[50], 2017	F. nucleatum	Regulation of miR-21 via TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB pathway
Wu et al[51], 2018	F. nucleatum	TLR4/p-PAK1/p-β-catenin S675 pathway
Chen et al[52], 2018	F. nucleatum	Induction of M2 macrophage polarization via TLR4. Activation of the IL-6/p-STAT3/c-MYC signaling pathway
Rubinstein et al[53], 2019	F. nucleatum	FadA adhesin upregulates Annexin A1 expression through E-cadherin
Dejea et al[54], 2018	Mono- or co-colonization of ETBF and pks+ E. coli	Upregulation of IL-17 and DNA damage
Chung et al[55], 2018	ETBF	Pathway involving activation of IL-17R, NF-κB, Stat3, and CXCL1
Goodwin et al[56], 2011	ETBF	Production of spermine oxidase, reactive oxygen species and DNA damage
He et al[57], 2019	Campylobacter jejuni	DNA damage due to cytolethal distending toxin
Li et al[15], 2019	Mixed strains from fecal samples of CRC patients after antibiotic cocktails	Wnt/β-catenin and cyclin D1 pathway

CRC: Colorectal cancer; E. coli: Escherichia coli; ETBF: Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis; F. nucleatum: Fusobacterium nucleatum; IL: Interleukin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; pks: Producing polyketide synthase; TLR: Toll-like receptor.