Early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma: From bench to bedside

Figure 1 Non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. For early diagnosis, prediction models combining protein biomarkers (e.g., alpha-fetoprotein and Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin) with other parameters may soon be applied in clinical practice. These models hold the promise of high accuracy to identify early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma within high-risk populations such as individuals with cirrhosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.