Low body mass index is an independent predictor of poor long-term prognosis among patients with resectable gastric cancer

Table 1 Patient characteristics and clinicopathological findings

	Group A (< 18.5 kg/m2)	Group B (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)	Group C (25-29.9 kg/m2)	Group D (≥ 30 kg/m2)	P value
Male sex, n (%)	73 (61.3)	1124 (77.1)	713 (85.1)	84 (75.0)	< 0.001
Age < 65 yr, n (%)	79 (66.4)	1067 (73.2)	615 (73.4)	79 (70.5)	0.384
Preoperative weight loss, n (%)					< 0.001
0% or increased	75 (63.0)	1010 (63.9)	623 (74.3)	89 (79.5)
0-5%	7 (5.9)	127 (8.7)	88 (10.5)	10 (8.9)
> 5%	37 (31.1)	320 (22.0)	127 (15.2)	13 (11.6)
BMI, median (range)	17.1 (14.0-18.4)	22.5 (18.5-24.9)	26.7 (25.0-29.9)	31.2 (30.0-48.8)	< 0.001
Diabetes, n (%)	3 (2.5)	100 (6.9)	107 (12.8)	22 (19.6)	< 0.001
Tumor location					0.044
Upper	41 (34.5)	481 (33.0)	337 (40.2)	46 (41.1)
Middle	24 (20.2)	294 (20.2)	164 (19.6)	24 (21.4)
Lower	49 (41.2)	604 (41.5)	308 (36.8)	38 (33.9)
Entire	5 (4.2)	78 (5.4)	29 (3.5)	4 (3.6)
Tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm, n (%)	857 (71.4)	1019 (69.9)	603 (72.0)	83 (74.1)	0.642
Borrmann type, n (%)					0.116
EGC	26 (21.8)	298 (20.5)	181 (21.6)	30 (26.8)
I	8 (6.7)	112 (7.7)	55 (6.6)	13 (11.6)
II	30 (25.2)	376 (25.8)	247 (29.5)	29 (25.9)
III	53 (44.5)	582 (39.9)	317 (37.8)	34 (30.4)
IV	2 (1.7)	89 (6.1)	38 (4.5)	6 (5.4)
Histological type, n (%)					0.931
Differentiated	31 (26.1)	351 (24.1)	201 (24.0)	25 (22.3)
Undifferentiated	88 (73.9)	1106 (75.9)	637 (76.0)	87 (77.7)
PNI, n (%)	48 (40.3)	701 (48.1)	419 (50.0)	49 (43.8)	0.177
LVI, n (%)	41 (34.5)	583 (40.0)	322 (38.4)	55 (49.1)	0.105
pT status, n (%)					0.606
1a	13 (10.9)	164 (11.3)	78 (9.3)	12 (10.7)
1b	16 (13.4)	216 (14.8)	131 (15.6)	21 (18.8)
2	18 (15.1)	202 (13.9)	119 (14.2)	18 (16.1)
3	38 (31.9)	434 (29.8)	280 (33.4)	34 (30.4)
4a	29 (24.4)	401 (27.5)	198 (23.6)	23 (20.5)
4b	5 (4.2)	40 (2.7)	32 (3.8)	4 (3.6)
pN status, n (%)					0.143
0	50 (42.0)	593 (40.7)	344 (41.1)	45 (40.2)
1	22 (18.5)	276 (18.9)	163 (19.5)	18 (16.1)
2	18 (15.1)	238 (16.3)	137 (16.3)	27 (24.1)
3a	21 (17.6)	169 (11.6)	116 (13.8)	13 (11.6)
3b	8 (6.7)	181 (12.4)	78 (9.3)	9 (8.0)
pTNM stage, n (%)					0.261
IA	24 (20.2)	307 (21.1)	173 (20.6)	29 (25.9)
IB	10 (8.4)	156 (10.7)	88 (10.5)	9 (8.0)
IIA	17 (14.3)	185 (12.7)	99 (11.8)	15 (13.4)
IIB	19 (16.0)	202 (13.9)	127 (15.2)	14 (12.5)
IIIA	20 (16.8)	253 (17.4)	154 (18.4)	21 (18.8)
IIIB	22 (18.5)	173 (11.9)	124 (14.8)	15 (13.4)
IIIC	7 (5.9)	181 (12.4)	73 (8.7)	9 (8.0)
eLNs, median (range)	30 (7-65)	30 (3-119)	28 (5-89)	27 (4-71)	0.008
mLN, median (range)	1 (0-24)	1 (0-67)	1 (0-48)	2 (0-29)	0.824
Major complications, n (%)	11 (9.2)	200 (13.7)	117 (14.0)	28 (25.0)	0.004

Statistically significant results are shown in bold font. BMI: Body mass index; EGC: Epigallocatechin; PNI: Perineural invasion; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; eLNs: Examined lymph nodes; mLN: Metastatic lymph nodes; pTNM: Pathological tumor-node-metastasis.