Combined treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma: Time to put them in the guidelines?

Table 6 Summary of ongoing clinical trials evaluating combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors with locoregional therapies

BCLC stage	Estimated/included patients	Clinical trial identifier	Phase	Arm
0	530	NCT03383458	III	Arm 1: RFA/MWA/curative resection + nivolumab (neoadjuvant) vs Arm 2: RFA/MWA/curative resection
B	26	NCT03397654 (PETAL)	Ib	Single arm: TACE followed by pembrolizumab
B	950	NCT04246177 LEAP-012	III	Arm 1: TACE + lenvatinib + pembrolizumab vs Arm 2: TACE
B	49	NCT03572582 (IMMUTACE)	II	Single arm: TACE + Nivolumab
B	522	NCT04268888 TACE-3	II/III	Arm 1: DEB-TACE + Nivolumab vs Arm 2: DEB-TACE
B	765	NCT04340193, CheckMate 74W	III	Arm 1: TACE + nivolumab + ipilimumab vs Arm 2: TACE + nivolumab + placebo
A	50	NCT03939975	II	Single arm: Pembrolizumab or nivolumab or toripalimab. For participants with stable disease or atypical progression to immunotherapy therapy, RFA or MWA is performed additionally
B	130	NCT03864211	I/II	Single arm: RFA or MWA followed by Toripalimab
B	61	NCT01853618	I/II	Single arm: Tremelimumab + RFA or TACE
B	30	NCT03638141	II	Single arm: Initial DEB-TACE followed by Durvalumab + tremelimumab
B	22	NCT03937830	II	Single arm: Durvalumab and bevacizumab + TACE
B/C	600	NCT03778957 EMERALD-1	III	Arm 1: TACE + durvalumab vs Arm 2: TACE +bevacizumab + durvalumab
A/B	662	NCT04102098 IMbrave050	III	Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in HCC patients at high risk of recurrence after surgical resection or ablation vs Active surveillance in HCC patients at high risk of recurrence after surgical resection or ablation

BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; MWA: Microwave ablation; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.