Regulatory role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1648

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Nov 15, 2021 (publication date) through Dec 31, 2024

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2021; 13(11): 1648-1667
Published online Nov 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1648

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Figure 1 Mechanisms of transforming growth factor-β signaling and involvement in gastrointestinal cancer chemoresistance. CAFs: Cancer-associated fibroblasts; CSCs: Cancer stem cells; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; TβRI: TGF-β Type 1 receptor; TβRII: TGF-β Type 2 receptor.

Citation: Lv X, Xu G. Regulatory role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13(11): 1648-1667
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v13/i11/1648.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1648