Role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 in primary and secondary liver cancer

Table 1 Overexpression of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 and its mediators determine clinical outcome

		mTORC2 mediator	Associated with	Measured by	Ref.
Primary liver cancer	HCC	p-AKTSer473 overexpression	poor outcome (P < 0.02)	IHC	Hu et al[59]
		Rictor overexpression	Reduced OS (P = 0.0029)	mRNA expression	Xu et al[60]
		Rictor overexpression	Reduced RFS (P = 0.016)	IHC, mRNA expression	Kaibori et al[61]
	iCCC	p-AKT1 overexpression	Improved OS (P = 0.0137)	IHC	Lee et al[76]
	CRLM	Data only available for primary CRC
		Rictor expression	Increasing tumor stage	mRNA expression	Gulhati et al[49]
		Rictor expression	Increasing tumor stage	IHC, mRNA expression	Shuhua et al[81]
		Rictor expression	Reduced OS (P = 0.0004)	IHC	Wang et al[10]
Secondary liver cancer	Breast cancer liver metastases	Data only available for invasive ductal breast carcinoma
		Rictor expression	Lymph node metastasis	IHC	Zhang et al[90]
	Melanoma liver metastases	Rictor positivity (primary tumor)	Reduced OS (P = 0.018)	IHC	Liang et al[100]
		Rictor expression	Tumor stage/metastatic disease	mRNA expression	Schmidt et al[101]
	Renal cancer liver metastases	No data available
	Gastric cancer liver metastases	Data only available for gastric cancer
		Rictor, p-AKTSer437 expression	Tumor stage, reduced RFS and OS	IHC	Bian et al[7]
		Rictor expression	Tumor stage, reduced RFS and OS (P = 0.012, P = 0.014)	IHC	Bian et al[110]
	Pancreatic cancer liver metastases	Data only available for pancreatic cancer
		Rictor expression	Reduced OS	IHC	Schmidt et al[9]

CRC: Colorectal cancer; CRLM: Colorectal liver metastases; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; iCCC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; mTORC2: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2; OS: Overall survival; RFS: Recurrence-free survival.