Proliferating cell nuclear antigen clamp associated factor, a potential proto-oncogene with increased expression in malignant gastrointestinal tumors

Figure 2 Signal pathways involved in proliferating cell nuclear antigen clamp associated factor-mediated cancers. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) clamp associated factor (PCLAF) is a PCNA associated protein. Several pivotal pathways, including the Rb/E2F pathway, NF-κB pathway, and p53-p21 cascade, are implicated in PCLAF-mediated diseases. In addition, PCLAF contributes to some conditions through dysregulation of the p53 pathway, WNT signal pathway, MEK/ERK pathway, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal cascade (see text). Lines with an arrowhead indicate promotion, and lines with a bar indicate inhibition in steady-state or stress conditions. The distinct line colors indicate the different pathways implicated with PCLAF.