Thermal ablation and immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Recent advances and future directions

Table 1 Immunotherapy drugs used in hepatocellular carcinoma

Drugs	Trade name	Targets	Approved/ongoing	Company	Indications
Nivolumab	Opdivo	PD-1	Approved by FDA in 2017; Approved by China NMPA in 2018	Bristol-Myers Squibb	HCC progression after first-line therapy with sorafenib (second-line treatment)
Pembrolizumab	Keytruda	PD-1	Approved by FDA in 2018; Approved by China NMPA in 2018	Merck Sharp & Dohme	HCC progression or high toxicity after first-line therapy with sorafenib (second-line treatment)
Atezolizumab	Tecentriq	PD-L1	Approved by China NMPA in 2020	Roche Pharmaceutical Ltd	Advanced HCC
Camrelizumab	Erika	PD-1	Approved by China NMPA in 2020	Jiangsu Hengrui medicine	Advanced HCC after therapy with sorafenib or oxaliplatin
Tislelizumab	Baizean	PD-1	Ongoing	BeiGene (Shanghai)	/
Sintilimab	Daboshu	PD-1	Ongoing	Innovent	/
Toripalimab	Toi	PD-1	Ongoing	Shanghai Junshi Biosciences	/
Durvalumab	Imfinzi	PD-L1	Ongoing	AstraZeneca	/
Avelumab	BAVENCIO	PD-L1	Ongoing	Pfizer & Merck	/
Tremelimumab	Tremelimumab	CTLA-4	Ongoing	AstraZeneca	/

PD-1: Programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1: Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; NMPA: National Medical Products Administration; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.