Gallbladder cancer: Historical treatment and new management options

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1317

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Oct 15, 2021 (publication date) through Jan 19, 2025

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Oct 15, 2021; 13(10): 1317-1335
Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1317

Table 1 Risk factors for gallbladder cancer[35]

Patient predisposition	Environmental factors	Patient factors/conditions
Female sex	Chronic bacterial infections	Diabetes
Age	Aflatoxins	High body mass index
Race/ethnicity	Ochratoxin	Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Genetics (variants)	Arsenic	Porcelain gallbladder
	Liver fluke	Gallbladder polyps
	Geography	Crohn’s disease
		Anomalous biliary ductal insertion
		Gallstones
		Sjogren’s syndrome

Citation: Okumura K, Gogna S, Gachabayov M, Felsenreich DM, McGuirk M, Rojas A, Quintero L, Seshadri R, Gu K, Dong XD. Gallbladder cancer: Historical treatment and new management options. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13(10): 1317-1335
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v13/i10/1317.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1317