Role of autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma: An autophagy-based treatment strategy

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1229

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 13, Issue 10

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (4610)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-1) series, Tables (1-2) series.

Item

Count

PDF

336

WORD

140

HTML

2705

Figures (1-1)

243

Tables (1-2)

177

Sum=3601

Publishing Process of This Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

414

Download

595

Sum=1009

Oct 15, 2021 (publication date) through Jul 25, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (9)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

ISSN

1948-5204

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Review

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Oct 15, 2021; 13(10): 1229-1243
Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1229

Table 1 Small molecules able to induce autophagic activity

Agents	Mechanism of action
GDC-0941	Inhibitor of class I PI3K
GDC-0980	Dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTORC1
Everolimus	mTORC1 inhibitor
Temsirolimus	mTORC1 inhibitor
Rapamycin	mTORC1 inhibitor
Tat–beclin 1 peptide	Releases beclin-1 into cytoplasm-regulate autophagosome formation
Metformin	AMPK activator
Fluspirilene	Antagonists of L-type Ca²⁺channels
Loperamide	Antagonists of L-type Ca²⁺ channels
Amiodarone	Antagonists of L-type Ca²⁺ channels
Isoliensinine	Natural alkaloid
Cepharanthine	Natural alkaloid

mTORC1: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; AMPK: 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases; AKT: Protein kinase B; Beclin-1: The mammalian ortholog of the yeast autophagy-related gene 6 (Atg6).

Citation: Koustas E, Trifylli EM, Sarantis P, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. Role of autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma: An autophagy-based treatment strategy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13(10): 1229-1243
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v13/i10/1229.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1229