Robotic- vs laparoscopic-assisted proctectomy for locally advanced rectal cancer based on propensity score matching: Short-term outcomes at a colorectal center in China

Table 3 Complications in the robotic assisted proctectomy group and laparoscopic assisted proctectomy group, n (%)

Complications	RAP (n = 293)	LAP (n = 293)	P value
Patients with complications	39 (13.3)	46 (15.7)	0.4121
Single complication	31 (10.6)	35 (11.9)	0.6011
Multiple complications	8 (2.7)	11 (3.8)	0.4841
Overall complications	47 (16.0)	57 (19.5)	0.280 1
Wound infection	8 (27)	6 (2.0)	0.5881
Delayed gastric emptying	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	1.0003
Intestinal obstruction	2 (0.7)	3 (1.0)	1.0002
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage	1 (0.3)	2 (0.7)	1.0002
Anastomotic leakage	13 (4.4)	14 (4.8)	0.8441
Anastomotic bleeding	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	1.0002
Pneumonia	4 (1.4)	5 (1.7)	1.0002
Pleural effusion	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	1.0002
Infection of presacral space	1 (0.3)	5 (1.7)	0.2182
Intra-abdominal infections	1 (0.3)	2 (0.7)	1.000 2
Infection of incision in perineum	6 (2.0)	5 (1.7)	0.7611
Small intestinal fistula	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	1.0002
Peristomal wound infection	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	1.0003
Necrosis of enterostomy	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	1.0003
Urinary retention	6 (2.0)	10 (3.4)	0.3111
Cerebral infarction	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	1.0003
Clavien-Dindo classification
I	15 (5.1)	16 (5.5)	0.8541
II	13 (4.4)	20 (6.8)	0.2101
IIIa	14 (4.8)	16 (5.5)	0.7081
IIIb	4 (1.4)	3 (1.0)	1.0002
V	1 (0.3)	2 (0.7)	1.0002
≥ III	19 (6.5)	21 (7.2)	0.7431
Reoperation	4 (1.4)	3 (1.0)	1.0002
Mortality	1 (0.3)	2 (0.7)	1.0002
Unplanned readmission within 30 d after operation	2 (0.7)	5 (1.7)	0.4472

¹Pearson's Chi-squared test.

²Continuous correction Chi-squared test.

³Fisher’s exact test. LAP: Laparoscopic assisted proctectomy; RAP: Robotic assisted proctectomy.