Robotic- vs laparoscopic-assisted proctectomy for locally advanced rectal cancer based on propensity score matching: Short-term outcomes at a colorectal center in China

Table 2 Operative outcomes between the robotic assisted proctectomy group and laparoscopic assisted proctectomy group

Operative outcomes	RAP (n = 293)	LAP (n = 293)	P value
Operative time, min	171 ± 42, 160 (120-385)	145 ± 42, 133 (80-350)	0.0003
Operative blood loss, mL	106 ± 114, 80 (30-1500)	138 ± 111, 100 (40-1200)	0.0003
Median time to first flatus, h	57 ± 11, 56 (28-98)	56 ± 9, 56 (28-100)	0.5343
Median time to liquid diet, h	69 ± 10, 67 (38-108)	69 ± 9, 69 (38-110)	0.3963
Median time to semi-liquid diet, h	83 ± 10, 82 (51-122)	83 ± 9, 83 (53-123)	0.1943
Median volume of pelvic drainage, mL	362 ± 457, 290 (80-4020)	465 ± 564, 310 (100-3820)	0.000 3
Median time to remove pelvic drainage tube, d	7.1 ± 4.2, 6.0 (4.0-29.0)	7.8 ± 4.9, 7.0 (4.0-28.0)	0.0003
Median time to remove urinary catheter, d	3.2 ± 1.0, 3.0 (2.0-7.0)	3.8 ± 1.2, 4.0 (2.0-14.0)	0.0003
Numbers of retrieved lymph nodes	16.0 ± 3.8	15.7 ± 3.7	0.3492
Perineural invasion			0.5571
Yes	124 (42.3)	117 (39.9)
No	169 (57.7)	176 (60.1)
Vascular invasion			0.3341
Yes	91 (31.1)	102 (34.8)
No	202 (68.9)	191 (65.2)
Distal resection margin, cm	2.7 ± 0.6, 2.7 (1.8-7.1)	2.5 ± 0.5, 2.5 (1.6-6.8)	0.0003
Conversion to open laparotomy	7 (2.4)	17 (5.8)	0.0371
Postoperative length of stay, d	9.1 ± 4.9, 8.0 (5.0-32.0)	9.2 ± 5.0, 8.0 (5.0-30.0)	0.4613

¹Pearson's Chi-squared test, expressed as n (%).

²Student’s t-test, expressed as mean ± SD.

³Mann–Whitney U test, expressed as mean ± SD and median (range). LAP: Laparoscopic assisted proctectomy; RAP: Robotic assisted proctectomy; SD: Standard deviation.