Sarcopenia in pancreatic cancer – effects on surgical outcomes and chemotherapy

Table 1 Diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia by various working groups

	Criteria	Remarks
European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, 2010[16]	1 Low muscle strength	Probable sarcopenia is identified by Criterion 1
	2 Low muscle quantity or quality	Diagnosis is confirmed by additional documentation of Criterion 2
	3 Low physical performance	Sarcopenia is considered severe if all 3 criteria are met
ESPEN Special Interest Group, 2010[18]	1 Low muscle mass	Cut-off point should be more than 2 standard deviations below mean value of reference population using young adults of the same sex and ethnic background
	2 Walking speed < 0.8 m/s in the 4-min test or reduced performance in functional test	Functional test can be any test used for comprehensive geriatric assessment Both criteria should be present
International Working Group on Sarcopenia, 2011[17]	1 Gait speed < 1 m/s 2 Lean mass less than the 20th percentile of values for healthy young adults	Both criteria should be present
European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, 2018 [2]	1 Low muscle mass	Cut-off point should be more than 2 standard deviations below mean value of reference population using healthy young adults of the same ethnic background
	2 Low muscle strengt	Diagnosis is based on documentation of Criterion 1 plus Criterion 2 or Criterion 3
	3 Low physical performance
Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders, 2011[19]	1 Walking speed ≤ 1 m/s or < 400 m during 6-min walk	Both criteria should be present
	2 Lean appendicular mass corrected for height squared of more than 2 standard deviations below healthy adults of 20–30 years old of the same ethnic group