Endoscopic ultrasonography - emerging applications in hepatology

Table 2 Reported diagnostic yields of endoscopic ultrasonography of focal liver lesions

Ref./study design	Study population	Patient number/EUS-FNA	EUS diagnostic yield	EUS-FNA diagnostic yield
Awad et al[13] Prospective unicenter study	Suspected HCC or metastatic liver carcinoma	14/9	EUS identified all hepatic lesions (n = 14) previously reported by CT 4 new/additional lesions identified by EUS	All FNA passes yielded adequate specimens (malignant: n = 8; benign: n = 1)
Singh et al[14] Prospective unicenter study	High risk for HCC	17/16	The diagnostic accuracy of US, CT, MRI, and EUS/EUS-FNA were 38%, 69%, 92%, and 94%	Cytologic diagnosis of primary liver tumor was established in 8 cases (HCC = 7; cholangiocarcinoma = 1)
DeWitt et al[15] Retrospective unicenter study	Staging EUS examinations for known or suspected malignancy	77/77	EUS features predictive of malignant hepatic lesions were the presence of regular outer margins and the detection of two or more lesions	45 aspirates were diagnostic for malignancy (metastasis: n = 44; HCC = 1)

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography; FNA; Fine needle aspiration; US: Ultrasonography; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.