Endoscopic recommendations for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Review of general recommendations

Table 2 Risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and recommended surveillance[1-7,9,11,13-15,17,18,24]

	High risk	Intermediate risk	Low risk
Risk factors	PSC Extensive involvement Moderate-severe active inflammation sustained over time (endoscopic or histological) First-degree relative with CRC at an age of less than 50 Stenosis or dysplasia detected during the previous five years Appearance of IBD at a young age1 If ileo-anal pouch: Dysplasia Previous CRC PSC Type C mucosa in the pouch	Extensive colitis with mild or moderate sustained inflammatory activity (endoscopic or histological) Inflammatory polyps First-degree relative with CRC at an age of above 50	Other factors different from high and intermediate risk
Surveillance	Annual	Every three years	Every five years

¹BSG[5], CCFA[11], WGO[14] and SVG[18]. CRC: Colorectal cancer; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis.