Endoscopic submucosal dissection for small submucosal tumors of the rectum compared with endoscopic submucosal resection with a ligation device

Figure 2 Endoscopic submucosal dissection. A: Endoscopic view of a carcinoid tumor in the rectum; B: Submucosal injection beneath the tumor with sodium hyaluronate; C: A hemicircumferential incision was performed with the use of the electrosurgical knife; D: A submucosal pocket was created during ESD. Submucosal dissection was performed just above the muscular layer; E: An artificial ulcer was observed; F: Endoscopic plication was performed with the use of metal endoclips; G: The specimen resected by ESD; H: Histopathological examination showed en bloc resection of the carcinoid tumor. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.