Gastric intestinal metaplasia is associated with gastric dysplasia but is inversely correlated with esophageal dysplasia

Table 4 Association among histopathological biopsy results and gastric intestinal metaplasia

	Frequency in patients with gastric IM,n = 468	Frequency in patients without gastric IM,n = 171	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis (OR)
Chronic gastritis	265 (56.6%)	55 (32.2%)	P < 0.001	2.56 (1.75, 3.76), P < 0.001
Gastric polyp	35 (7.5%)	11 (6.4%)	P = 0.669	1.07 (0.53, 2.31), P = 0.861
MALT lymphoma	5 (1.1%)	0 (0.0%)	P = 0.209	1.48 (0.26, ∞), P = 0.372
Erosive gastritis	1 (0.2%)	6 (3.5%)	P = 0.002	0.06 (0.0, 0.43), P = 0.003
H. pylori infection	46 (9.8%)	6 (3.5%)	P = 0.007	3.07 (1.33, 8.20), P = 0.007
Gastric ulcer	18 (3.8%)	0 (0%)	P = 0.003	6.97 (1.47, ∞), P = 0.015
Gastric dysplasia	19 (4.1%)	1 (0.6%)	P = 0.017	6.11 (1.07, 131.57), P = 0.038
Gastric cancer	21 (4.5%)	1 (0.6%)	P = 0.010	6.53 (1.17, 139.41), P = 0.027
Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis	12 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	P = 0.023	5.64 (1.36, ∞), P = 0.035
Esophagitis	5 (1.1%)	5 (2.9%)	P = 0.125	0.36 (0.09, 1.41), P = 0.138
Barrett’s esophagus	14 (3.0%)	13 (7.6%)	P = 0.016	0.28 (0.12, 0.63), P = 0.003
Esophageal dysplasia	2 (0.4%)	4 (2.3%)	P = 0.053	0.11 (0.01, 0.64), P = 0.014
Esophageal cancer	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.6%)	P = 0.535	0.13 (0.01, 9.88), P = 0.402
Eosinophilic esophagitis	1 (0.2%)	6 (3.5%)	P = 0.002	0.10 (0.00, 0.74), P = 0.020
Carcinoid tumor	10 (2.1%)	0 (0%)	P = 0.043	5.13 (1.02, ∞), P = 0.047
Duodenitis	2 (0.4%)	6 (3.5%)	P = 0.006	0.13 (0.02, 0.65), P = 0.012
Duodenal polyp	5 (1.1%)	1 (0.6%)	P = 0.645	1.2 (0.16, 29.49), P = 0.944
Duodenal ulcer	2 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	P = 0.536	0.63 (0.07, ∞), P = 0.628

IM: Intestinal metaplasia; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; MALT: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.