Endoscopy-guided ablation of pancreatic lesions: Technical possibilities and clinical outlook

Table 2 Characteristics and findings of studies of endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours

Ref.	Year	No.	Endoscopy technique	Type of ablation	Tumour typen (%)	Clinical response (mo)	Complications n (%)	Morphological response n (%)
Pai et al[8]	2015	2	EUS guided	RFA	2 NF-PNET	NR	2 abdominal pain	Complete necrosis of NF-PNET
Armellini et al[49]	2015	1	EUS guided	RFA	NF-PNET G2 (the patient refused surgery)	NR	No complications	CA on CT scan (one month later)
Lakhatia et al[50]	2016	3	EUS guided	RFA	Symptomatic insulinomas in patients unfit for surgery	All patients asymptomatic 12 mo after the procedure	No complications	1 disease free at 8 mo, 1 residual asymptomatic disease at 12 mo, 1 CA and asymptomatic at 11 mo
Waung et al[51]	2016	1	EUS-guided	3 consecutive RFA sessions	Symptomatic insulinoma (resistant to medical therapy)	Asymptomatic at 10 mo FU	No complications	NR
Levy et al[82]	2012	8	EUS-guided or intraoperative US (IOUS) guided	Ethanol	8 (100) insulinomas	5 patients asymptomatic, 3 clinical improvement	1 minor peritumoural bleeding (IOUS)	NR
Park et al[83]	2015	10 (13 tumours)	EUS-guided	Ethanol	10 NF-PNETs 4 insulinomas	2 asymptomatic pts with insulinomas	3 mild pancreatitis, 1 abdominal pain	13 (61.5) CA
Paik et al[84]	2016	8	EUS-guided	Ethanol	2 NF-PNETs, 3 insulinomas, 1 gastrinoma, 2 SPN	4 patients asymptomatic	1 severe acute pancreatitis, 2 abdominal pain, 1 fever	6 CA
Deprez et al[90]	2008	1	EUS-guided	Ethanol	1 insulinoma	Asynmptomatic	Ulceration of duodenal wall	CA
Jürgensen et al[6]	2006	1	EUS-guided	Ethanol	1 insulinoma	Asynmptomatic	1 mild acute pancreatitis	CA
Muscatiello et al[91]	2008	1	EUS-guided	Ethanol	1 insulinoma		1 pancreatic necroting lesion	CA

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; MCN: Mucinous cystic lesions; IPMN: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia; SPN: Solid pseudopapillary tumours; NET: Pancreatic endocrine tumour; NF-PNET: Non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour; FU: Follow-up; NR: Not reported; CT: Computed tomography; CA: Complete ablation.