Risk factors for postoperative bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients under antithrombotics

Table 1 Overall clinicopathological profiles of 262 gastric neoplasms in 250 patients

Patients background factors
Age (yr, mean ± SD) (range)	71 ± 8 (32-87)
Sex (male/female)	190/72
Antithrombotic agent user	48 (18.3%)
Detail
Aspirin	28
Clopidogrel	6
Ticlopidine	1
Cilostazol	4
Warfarin	14
Heparin replacement (withdrawal warfarin)	13
Hemodialysis	6 (2.3%)
Hypertension	130 (49.6%)
Diabetes mellitus	54 (20.6%)
Cardiovascular disease	48 (18.3%)
Resected lesion factors
Curability (curative/expanding indications curative/non-curative)	175/57/30
Macroscopic type (depressed/flat/protruded)	151/101/10
Location (upper third/middle third/lower third)	38/73/151
Circumference (anterior wall, greater curvature, lesser curvature, posterior wall)	38/52/124/48
Tumor size (mm, mean ± SD) (range)	15.9 ± 10.9 (2-85)
Differentiation (adenoma/differentiated cancer/undifferentiated cancer)	34/216/12
Depth (M:SM1:SM2)	236/12/14
Ulcer findings positive	16 (6.1%)
Lymphovascular infiltration positive	18 (6.9%)
Horizontal or vertical margin positive	8 (3.1%)
Perioperative factors
En bloc resection	259 (98.8%)
Operator (beginner/expert)	97/165
Operation time (min, mean ± SD) (range)	81.5 ± 50.9 (16-307)
Resected size (mm, mean ± SD) (range)	36.1 ± 11.6 (12-88)
Perforation	2 (0.8%)
Postoperative bleeding	23 (8.8%)
Blood transfusion (%)	7 (2.7%)

SM: Submucosal layer.